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In our experimental model, pravastatin induced a dose-dependent inhibition of monocyte cholesterol synthesis (up to 67%), up-regulation of low density lipoprotein receptor mRNA (by about 35%) and reduction in intracellular cholesterol accumulation.
Arguing against the matrix as a primary growth inhibitor, however, implanted TGF-β inhibits DNA synthesis up to 12 h before the appearance of the fibrous cap.
This condition allowed a maximal cell mass of 14.2 g/L to be achieved and switched the metabolism to carbohydrate synthesis (up to 54% of dry weight), mainly in the form of starch.
In addition, protein synthesis up to the blastula stage (up to a much earlier stage in the mammalian embryo) is directed by the cell components called ribosomes, which are present in the unfertilized egg; new ribosomes, as well as molecules of another type of RNA involved in protein synthesis, and called transfer RNA, are synthesized at a later stage in embryonic development (gastrulation).
Proper cell proliferation (MTT assay) and ALP synthesis up to 21 days were confirmed.
When applied to chondrocyte-seeded peptide hydrogels, alternate day loading stimulated PG synthesis up to two-fold higher than that in free-swelling cultures.
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The synthesis, up-regulating activities on BMP-2 expression, and bone loss prevention efficacies of these compounds in rats with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis are presented.
Proteomics data and functional assays revealed that the exposure of earthworm to fly ash induced protein synthesis, up-regulation of gluconeogenesis, disturbed energy metabolism, oxidative and cellular stress, and mis-folding of proteins.
The prevalent outcome of DNA demethylation is expression of previously silenced genes, made possible by enabling attachment of transcription factors to the genes, with consequent gene transcription and protein synthesis up-regulation [ 49].
Thus H2O2 leads to transient inhibition of ferritin synthesis, up-regulation of TfR1, increased uptake of Fe-labelled Tf and, notably, elevated storage of Fe into ferritin, despite the decrease in the ferritin content [ 177].
54 Intriguingly, the in vivo function of hyaluronic acid has recently been elucidated, with its synthesis up-regulated in areas of acute soft tissue injury and functioning to promote and modulate inflammation, as well as potentially minimising scar tissue development.
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