Not only does this approach avoid the long synthesis timescales associated with conventional Sn-β synthesis procedures (the total time for mechanochemical and heat-treatment steps is only 8 h), but it also allows for the synthesis of a material with significantly smaller crystallite sizes, increased crystallinity, greater metal content, and improved catalytic performance.
This is significant because these processes may occur on a much faster timescale than protein synthesis and degradation.
This association at the membrane is very fast relative to the timescale of protein synthesis; we therefore modeled the pre-association of the IL-2 receptor chains as a steady state process for each time step (Cotari et al., 2013).
These results furnish new fundamental information as well as engineering insight for terrestrial synthesis of tetrataenite on industrial timescales, with high relevance for the creation of next-generation permanent magnets comprised entirely of easily accessible, earth-abundant elements.
The reactants are assumed not to exhibit significant changes in concentration, which might be due to either synthesis or degradation over the timescales of interest.
Regardless of whether the gene has stably integrated into the algal genome or its enzyme product is obtained from the symbionts by the alga without gene transfer, association with these bacteria could contribute to the lignin synthesis of the eukaryote over evolutionary timescales.
Processes separate from the insulin effect on glucose metabolism, such as the insulin effect on mitochondrial fusion and proliferation [ 36, 37] or mitochondrial protein synthesis [ 38], may affect ATP turnover rate on a timescale of several hours of insulin stimulation.
Secondly, because Asn-hydroxylation is irreversible, the replacement of hydroxylated ARD proteins with their unhydroxylated counterparts during hypoxia is a slow process limited by de novo protein synthesis (compare the reoxygenation time scale in Figures 6A-D with the hypoxia timescale in Figures 6E, F).
Second, for the Golgi apparatus and the vacuole, the cell division timescale is slow compared to the timescales of the other processes (de novo synthesis and maturation for the Golgi, fission and fusion for the vacuole) affecting organelle copy number.
An Arrhenius-based approach is used to bridge the timescale gap between Molecular Dynamics and experiment and build a connection between the simulation and synthesis temperatures.
A manageable timescale #pensions".
