Similarly to the other case, he developed bilateral and symmetrical focal alterations affecting the brainstem, hyperintense on T2-weighted images.
In a recent study, LTV was divided into five categories, based on ventrodorsal radiographs, in which type 1 was a normal sacrum, type 2 was otherwise normal, but with separation of the S1 spinous process from the median crest, and types 3 5 were more explicit forms of symmetrical and asymmetrical alterations in the transverse processes [ 8].
DSPN is a symmetrical, length-dependent sensorimotor polyneuropathy attributableto metabolic and microvessel alterations as a result of chronic hyperglycemia exposure (diabetes) and cardiovascular risk covariates.
1, 2 DSPN has been recently defined as a symmetrical, length-dependent sensorimotor polyneuropathy attributable to metabolic and microvascular alterations as a result of chronic hyperglycemia exposure (diabetes) and cardiovascular risk covariates.
The Toronto Diabetic Neuropathy Expert Group recently defined DSPN as "a symmetrical, length-dependent sensorimotor polyneuropathy attributable to metabolic and microvessel alterations as a result of chronic hyperglycemia exposure and cardiovascular risk covariates" (2).
On MR imaging, the pathologic alterations described above are typically seen as bilateral and symmetrical T2w and FLAIR (Fluid Attenuation Inversion Recovery) hyperintensities in the thalami, mammillary bodies, tectal plate, and periaqueductal area [ 3, 58, 63, 64].
Proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a hereditary autosomal recessive disease with muscular hypotonia, hyporeflexia, symmetrical weakness and atrophy of the skeletal muscles due to chronically degenerative alterations in the anterior horn cells.
Symmetrical tilt boundaries.
Ears are bilaterally symmetrical.
