Suggestions(1)
Exact(5)
First, each pilot subcarrier symbol is inserted at every L subcarrier indices where L defines the pilot spacing.
The null symbol is inserted for the detection of transmission modes and the synchronization of the transmission frame.
Every eight symbols, a training symbol is inserted which is used for channel and noise estimation at the receiver.
Sometimes, a repeat symbol is inserted in front of the avarta end to denote repetition of an avarta.
When the Bit-Map-Flag subfield is set to 1111, a "Bit-Map-Adjustment" OFDM symbol is inserted between the PLCP header and MPDU.
Similar(55)
Each block of symbols is inserted in parallel into a modulation system as shown in Figure 1.
This is typical of current orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) standards (such as IEEE802.11a/WiMax or LTE [28 30]) where a guard interval of symbols is inserted at the beginning of each block to avoid the interblock interference and both receivers discard these symbols.
16 equally spaced pilot symbols are inserted into OFDM symbols.
(i) The pilot symbols are inserted according to (14) (SCEN14.
Pilot symbols are inserted to estimate channels and IFFT is taken at each transmitter antenna.
Since blind equalization is of interest, no additional pilot symbols are inserted in the data stream.
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