Table 4 summarizes throughput gain in percent of a system using optimal power distribution between data and pilot symbols compared to one that does not.
Next, we show the first main result of this paper, which states that if certain conditions are satisfied, then there is a diminishing number of silent symbols compared to active symbols as time becomes large enough.
However, due to the low number of pilot symbols compared to the number of data symbols, the difference in terms of energy is much lower than in terms of power.
We investigate the impact of pilot spacing and filter lengths, and we show that the proposed PA IDDD receiver requires very moderate number of pilot symbols, compared to, for example, turbo codes [6].
(A – C ) Weight gain under chow (squares) and a high fat diet (HFD, triangles) in fat-specific Alk7 fx/fx:: Ap2 CRE (A ) and Alk7 fx/−:: Ap2 CRE (B ), and brain-specific Alk7 fx/fx:: Nestin CRE (C ) knock-out mice (solid symbols) compared to control mice (open symbols).
(A ) Ratio of blt / blt to WT mature SP thymocytes and naïve T cells normalized to the ratio in DP thymocytes from mixed chimeras (open symbols), compared to the ratio of the same subsets between matched pairs of intact mice (filled symbols), based on data reported in Figure 1.
Here we compare the behavior of highly trained macaque monkeys in discriminating numerals versus dots arrays representing the same system of value; we find that monkeys using symbols, compared to using the corresponding numbers of items, show substantially increased choice accuracy.
Where neither HUGO symbol nor RGD symbol exists, rat symbols are compared to orthologous mouse genes.
Another indication is the lower hydrogen physisorption in sites with the symbol h compared to sites with symbol f.
