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The immigration status affected symbol choice of neither female nor male flycatchers.
In the analysis III, we analyzed the effects of female and male immigration status on symbol choice probabilities.
In great tits, the immigration status of both the female and the male affected symbol choice and the effect depended on the day of symbol choice (significant interactions between immigration status and day of nest site choice, Table 2 and Additional file 1: Figure S4).
We assessed the randomness of symbol choices by comparing the 95% credibility intervals of the regression curves to 1/3, which is the value expected if all three symbols have an equal probability of being chosen (symbol choice is random).
This interaction arose because, in the great tit, the probability to choose the symbol associated with unoccupied boxes in the preceding season differed from random both at the beginning and at the end of the season, but dropped in the middle of the season, whereas in the collared flycatcher, symbol choice did not differ from random over the whole season.
The symbol choice of immigrant great tit males was random throughout the season, while philopatric males strongly preferred the symbol associated to unoccupied boxes in the preceding year – and thus avoided the symbols associated with collared flycatcher and tit nests – both at the beginning and at the end of the season.
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First, we tested whether the symbol choices deviated from random within each species (χ test, analysis I).
The response was measured by monitoring the symbol choices of all individuals in the beginning of the next breeding season.
Upon recording the choice, we removed the symbol so that later arriving individuals would not perceive the current-season symbol choices of previously settled individuals.
During the four study years we altogether obtained 184 symbol choices by great tits, 219 by collared flycatchers, and 103 by blue tits.
The day of initiation of nest building is an important covariate; it has been shown to affect the probability of symbol choices e.g., [ 16].
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