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(A – C ) Probability of switching choices as a function of the LLR for a change in the correct answer.
This finding indicates that switching choices in the regret condition was not always a result of good decision making, because it suggests that some children may have had a general preference for switching.
In our paradigm, adaptive choice switching was defined not just as switching choices in Day 2 in the regret condition, but, in addition, not switching on the baseline condition.
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Similarly, only one 5-year-old switched choices adaptively, whereas nearly all 9-year-olds did.
The task was designed to examine both whether children experienced regret when they discovered the consequences of their initial choice and whether they then adaptively switched choices when faced with the same situation again.
In this situation, a model-based learner would tend to switch choices on the next turn, because this would be more likely to return the learner to that second state (Fig. 1C).
Zeelenberg and Pieters (2007) provide the most extensive discussion of this issue, arguing that the primary and distinctive function of experienced regret is to enable people to switch choices when faced with the same decision again.
This contrasted with the performance of this group of children in the previous experiments, in which they were likely to fail to switch choices in the regret condition and even when they did switch often justified their choice in terms of nonadaptive reasons.
We grouped WIN and LOSS trials based on whether participants switched choice relative to the previous one.
Animals switched from one target to another often, on average about once every third trial (probability to switch choice, P = 0.31).
The payoff structure on the 2nd day means that to maximize their outcome, children should switch choice in the regret condition only.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com