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In addition, fate mapping can now make use of transgenic zebrafish containing a Cre-Ert2 (mutated estrogen receptor) construct that, when initiated, switches the expression of an integrated construct from the green label GFP to the red label DsRed in specific cells or tissues [ 66].
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Researchers can switch the expression of p25 on and off by controlling the mice's diet, inducing brain damage at will.
The treatment of GCT mice with rapamycin resulted in reduced osteoclast formation by switching the expression of C/EBPβ isoforms [7].
Though B cells require help from CD4+ T cells in order to initiate effector functions, such as immunoglobulin class switching, the expression of surface TLR2 on B cells could result in the direct activation of P6-specific B cells.
It has been shown that Treg cells can change their chemotactic behavior by switching the expression of CXCR5 and CCR7 in response to the ligands, CXCL13 and CCL19 respectively [25].
In 1994, Mikulskis et al. [ 24] suggested the presence of a mechanism switching the expression of yst to a silent state.
SF2/ASF and hnRNPA1 have been studied extensively and have an antagonistic relationship in which changes in the nuclear concentration, ratio or activities of either protein can switch the expression of specific isoforms [ 8] as illustrated in Figure 3.
This system has the advantage of being able to switch the expression profiles of many genes in a relatively short period.
Bistability could represent advantageous system behavior, enabling differentiating cells to switch the expression activity of several genes by allowing the chromatin to change its conformation rapidly over a long length scale.
These marks can either switch on, or switch off, the expression of the gene.
Another example is the mosquito Aedes aegypti, in which the R7 cell switches from the expression of UV opsin to the expression of a longer wavelength opsin in a defined ventral band [ 86].
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