I started with Geneva, a veterinarian who likes her ducks lined up and swimming in formation, and set about making trouble for her.
Interestingly, apoptosis of follicular cells in early embryo was found in phase with hatching, and drug-induced blockade of apoptosis was shown to delay swimming tadpole formation [6].
Swimmy trains them to swim in formation so that they look like one big fish!
Mallard ducklings will swim in formation which reduces their energy expenditure and it has been suggested that while this is partly due to the drag wake of the leading ducklings, energy may also be 'recycled' from vortices shed during the power phase of the lead ducking's paddling stroke [ 37].
The upshot was that a whole bunch of little fish gang up and begin swimming in a formation that resembles one huge fish, thus warding off predators.
Knowledge of the factors involved in biofilm formation by A. hydrophila on inert surfaces is limited, but it has been shown that exopolysaccharides and swimming speed promote biofilm formation [ 7– 9].
Yamada et al.[20] demonstrated that swimming in rats promotes cartilage formation and bone remodelling.
However, since our cheR1 mutant displayed normal swarming motility on 0.5% agar plates, we rather hypothesize that chemotaxis driven swimming motility is necessary for formation of mature biofilm structures.
Analysis of exopolysaccharide (EPS), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), swimming and swarming phenotypes, biofilm formation and quantification of indole acetic acid (IAA) production were perfomed as described before [ 23].
Phenotypic traits such as exopolysaccharide (EPS), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), swimming and swarming motilities, biofilm formation and indole acetid acid (IAA) production were also perfomed.
