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Recent work demonstrated anisotropy in the swelling response of the annulus fibrosus in the intervertebral disc.
These materials exhibit a swelling response to environmental changes such as temperature, pH, electric fields, UV or visible light radiation, among others.
This paper reports about swelling response and internal structural of biomineralized (CaCO3) polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogel having various thicknesses (0.1 0.4 mm).
The predicted swelling response of single-fiber family structures was highly dependent on fiber orientation and the number of lamellae in the bulk tissue.
Swelling response of these hydrogels in acetonitrile (ACN) and aqueous degradation at 37 °C were evaluated as a function of composition.
Birds in oxidative groups had lower foot swelling response value as compared to non-oxidative groups only at 24 h following the phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) injection (P<0.05).
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By combining materials with optimal swelling responses, bilayer structures were triggered via changes in pH and IS to actuate into three dimensional (3D) structures.
The specificity of CHS response is generally defined as the difference between ear swelling responses to a given hapten dose in naïve versus sensitized animals [14] mediated by T-cells.
Whereas mice injected with PBS treated CD8+ T cells mounted normal ear swelling responses, recipients of α-MSH stimulated CD8+ T cells developed a significantly reduced allergic hypersensitivity (Figure 2A).
The ear swelling responses were not significantly different among antigen treatments (Additional file 7).
Notably, while the ear swelling responses peaked in Df11(1)/+ mice at 24 h post-exposure, they peaked only at 72 h in Dp11(1)/+ mice.
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