In this case, the LS-SVM underestimates swelling factor; however, using Peng Robinson EOS results in overestimating the swelling factor.
The swelling factor of the O-mode waves also decreases with decreasing latitude, and the O-mode wave swelling factor in Haikou is only 4.5.
Open image in new window Fig. 6 Correlation between swelling factor and SIA.
The swelling factor for the X-mode waves in Alaska is approximately 4.05.
Welker (1963) proposed a very simple correlation to estimate the CO2 oil swelling factor.
Table 1 demonstrates a summary of correlations and models to calculate the CO2 oil swelling factor.
As mentioned previously, one of the methods for swelling factor determination is using EOSs.
The hybridized GA-LS-SVM provided excellent results in predicting the CO2 oil swelling factor.
The swelling factor (SF) curve rises smoothly as the saturation pressure increases (Fig. 10).
Simon and Graue (1965) proposed a graphical method for determination of the CO2 oil swelling factor.
The output variable from the LS-SVM model is the CO2 oil swelling factor.
