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To simulate natural conditions in the laboratory experiments performed with feathers and swabs, we used water collected in the field to reproduce the water-mediated AIV preen oil interaction.
To determine differences in DNA recovery in clinic-collected versus self-collected swabs, we used the Wilcoxon signed rank test to compare paired medians of the quantities of human 18S rRNA gene copies, G. vaginalis, L. jensenii and L. crispatus from 14 women without BV, obtained within one day of each other.
It has been generally assumed that for respiratory infections due to viruses, the optimal specimen is the nasopharyngeal aspirate, rather than throat swabs we used here [ 16].
To detect viral RNA in the nasal swabs, we used real-time PCR, as was recommended for detection of influenza (H5N1) infection during outbreaks in Southeast Asia (6 ).
For uterine samples and vaginal swabs, we used the equation logit (fraction of positive test results) = parity (old) + vaccination status stratified by parity (young or old vaccinated) + random herd effect stratified by vaccination status (vaccinated or unvaccinated herds).
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In the swab method, we used a sterile cotton tip swab (#018-460 AMG Medical Inc) to swab the abdomen, thighs, groin and feet of the animal 10 to 20 times.
19 Further, the swabs we are using have been shown to be similarly sensitive for the detection of influenza nucleic acid when compared with flocked swabs combined with a universal transport media.
Because each child could potentially have multiple URI episodes and contribute multiple bacterial swabs to the analysis, we used a repeated measures design to take into account variability of multiple samples from each child.
We used nylon swabs (microRheologics, Brescia, Italy), cotton swabs, or transparent adhesive tape to collect the 90 samples of fungi from the muzzle and wing membranes of hibernating bats.
In this study we used different swabs for S-WET and S-DRY.
In this study, we used throat swabs obtained from suspected measles patients to detect the viral RNA and obtained a very high detection rate (100%) of MV RNA by RT-PCR.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com