One 200 µl aliquot of swab "rinse" solution was used to extract viral nucleic acids using the MagNA Pure LC total nucleic acid isolation kit (Roche Diagnostics, catalogue 03 038 505 001, Basel, Switzerland) as described previously [22].
One 200 µl aliquot of swab "rinse" solution was distributed in two separate sterile screw-cap Eppendorf tubes, each containing 0.25 ml lysis buffer (AGOWA mag Mini DNA Isolation Kit, catalgue 40410, AGOWA, Berlin, Germany).
The remaining nasal swab suspension solutions from dogs positive by RT-PCR were used for virus isolation from 10-day-old specific pathogen free chicken eggs (Animal Health Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan).
When using this version of the self-test, the user swabs their mouth for saliva and then puts the swab into a solution for 20 minutes.
Each cleaning agent was applied to an approximately 1 cm2 square area of the paint film by dipping a pre-rolled cotton swab into the solution once, and then rolling the swab back and forth (1 roll) across the paint film 20 times without application of a subsequent clearance step (which would be standard conservation practice) and dried in ambient conditions.
The first step is to receive and treat samples using cotton swab and storage solution.
Briefly, the cotton swab and ST solution were added to 500 μL of extraction buffer (200 mM NaCl, 200 mM Tris, and 20 mM EDTA; pH 8), 500 μL of phenol chloroform:isoamyl-alcohol (25:24:1; pH 7.9) (Sigma, Steinheim, Germany), 210 μL of 20 % SDS, and 500 μL of zirconia-silica beads (0.1 mm in diameter; Biospec Products Inc., Bartlesville, OK).
Soak the tip of a cotton swab into the solution.
Dip a cotton ball or swab in cleaning solution.
