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Furthermore, approximately 20 human virus-negative swab materials were examined for cross-reactivities to human genomic DNA.
Scanning electron micrographs of the swab materials used in this study are shown in the Figure.
Four swab materials were evaluated for their efficiency in recovery of Bacillus anthracis spores from steel coupons.
When swabs were inoculated directly with the spore suspension, then processed with vortexing, all swab materials tested released significantly higher percentages of spores than were recovered by swabs that sampled spores from the stainless steel surfaces (Table 1).
Effects of swab preparation and processing protocol (combined as recovery method) and swab materials and their interactions were analyzed with general linear model procedure for analysis of variance of unbalanced data.
In this study, the recovery efficiencies of four swab materials, both dry and premoistened, were compared, and different methods for swab processing were assessed for the recovery of known quantities of B. anthracis spores from a nonporous stainless steel surface.
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Both techniques are usually not performed directly on swab material, due to lower sensitivity and requirement of large amounts of swab material.
Ten coupons were used for each swab material, swab preparation, and processing protocol to be evaluated.
Therefore, swab material was inoculated onto Mannitol Salt Agar supplemented with 4 mg/L cefoxitin (Sigma-Aldrich, Hamburg, Germany country).
All samples were screened and all positive samples were sequenced directly from primary swab material, without prior virus isolation.
Two types of swab material (cotton and nylon) commercially available for the forensiX collection tubes were tested.
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