Though the use of saliva as a means of collecting DNA is common in human studies, alternate means of DNA collection for canine research have instead been limited to buccal swabs, from which dog DNA is of insufficient quality and yield for use on most high-throughput array-based systems.
The primary swab sample from which the DNA extract was made was retained, so that the transport medium (M4RT) could be used to inoculate tissue culture for isolation of live C. trachomatis.
To rule out the possibility of laboratory contamination, we performed 2-step conventional RT-PCR by using RNA from duplicate samples of the original throat swab samples from which the 2 viruses were isolated.
Regarding the four PCR-negative reference assay-positive specimens, cultures of the flocked swab liquid media, from which the DNA was extracted for PCR, grew GAS in very light quantities in 3 specimens and was GAS culture-negative from the fourth specimen.
The feather pulp or cloacal swab samples from birds from which WNV was not isolated were also negative for WNV by using RT-PCR.
ILI identified 1799 surveyed cases from which throat swabs were collected, but only two throat swabs, both from children, were positive for H7N9 as measured by the real time RT-PCR assay, suggesting that mild H7N9 infections are not common in Shanghai.
In April, his wife (67 years of age) (patient 2) became febrile, had popliteal lymphadenopathies associated with lymphangitis, and had an eschar on the leg from which a swab specimen was obtained.
Finding H1, H3, and H4 in one cloacal sample [cloacal swab of A/mallard/Minnesota/Sg-00133/2007(H4N6)] indicates there was the possibility of a mixed infection in the bird from which the cloacal swab was collected compared to a clean single H4 subtype that was recovered in egg grown virus.
Of 40 fecal samples, 3998%8%) from the slaughterhouse were PAdV positive, as were 6 (15%) of 40 livers and 4 (40%) of 10 swab samples (knife swab immediately after evisceration, 2 hand swabs, and floor swab from area under which pigs were hung).
This subset included all inoculations originating from qPCR positive swabs independent of their outcome, i.e. also including swabs for which growth may have been undetectable because of overgrowth by other microorganisms.
