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SW, spike-wave.
Any further dilution from SW and the sulphate spiking of diluted SW would not be sufficient to reduce the IFT.
Any further dilution of SW and the sulphate spiking of diluted SW would not be sufficient to reduce the IFT.
Spiking of SW with SO4 − 2 improved the oil recovery by 3%. Figure 6 presents a proposed flow resistance index as a function of pore volumes of injected brine.
In category CA 1, sulphate spiking of the SW seems to change the rock surface to become more oil-wet.
In all sequential brine flooding scenarios tested, sea water with sulfate concentration spiked six times (SW 6 × SO4− 2) only slightly increased oil recovery.
Category 1 also includes three different natural brines (SW, FW and IW) without dilution or sulphate spiking.
Based on the results of IFT measurements at 20 °C, SW and its twice and six times sulphate-spiked may be considered as the three best brines that have shown the least IFT.
Five brines were used in this study including formation water of Asab Field (FW), seawater (SW), seawater diluted 10 times (SW/10), seawater diluted 50 times (SW/50), and seawater with sulfate concentration spiked 6 times (SW 6 × SO4− 2).
Hetts SW.
SW - Socialist Workers.
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