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One example is the emerging class of anti-inhibitory antibodies called checkpoint blockades, such as anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1, which bypass the immune system's natural off switches, sustaining the cellular immune response long enough to make an impact on cancer.
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In most eukaryotic organisms, redox-active enzymes, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidases as well as an enzymatic cascade that generates reduced electron donors, i.e. glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (Trx), sustain the cellular redox homeostasis [10].
However, application of β-defensin 3 alone did not result in an increase in wound closure (data not shown) implying that topical application of a single defensin does not sustain the cellular interactions required for increased chemo attraction, cellular recruitment and wound closure.
Our data showed that Burkitt's lymphoma was dependent on glycolysis for survival and that the mitochondrial contribution to ATP production was minor and unable to independently sustain the cellular energy needs.
Dynamic expression of a transcription factor sustains the quiescent cellular state in activated hair follicle stem cells during self-renewal.
Using a P. fluorescens biosensor, in which the lux gene was under control of the promoter of rDNA synthesis, Marschner and Crowley [82] demonstrated that the release of root exudates sustained the higher cellular activity of P. fluorescens in the plant rhizosphere than in bulk soil.
Further analysis of the events that trigger and sustain the underlying cellular mechanisms of rVSMC behaviors may help aid in the design of more effective therapies for the treatment of restenosis.
What organization of the subcellular molecular biology enables the operating principles to emerge, and be sustained at the cellular level?
In contrast, Duda et al. suggested that considerable damage is sustained at the cellular level before structural destruction of cartilage [ 31].
In addition, autophagy also recycles existing cytoplasmic components to generate the molecules that are required to sustain the most vital cellular functions.
This may involve transient or sustained increase in the cellular level of chaperones, but the associated costs need not be a long term evolutionary handicap if populations are effectively small, making selection relatively inefficient.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com