In Convention, the conventions that sustained language were regularities amongst speakers.
Stip constructed the scale based on a questionnaire covering several cognitive domains: memory (working memory, explicit long-term memory), attention (divided, distractibility, alertness, sustained), language, and praxia.
Through sustained language contact over long periods, linguistic traits diffuse between languages, and languages belonging to different families may converge to become more similar.
In situations of extreme and sustained language contact, it may lead to the formation of new mixed languages that cannot be considered to belong to a single language family.
Living in the foreign country and/or hearing the non-native language every day may have created more long-term and sustained language conflict, consequently boosting the bilingual advantage in the Chinese English bilinguals.
In fact he hopes the film might lead to more, and help sustain the language that he loves.
Now in her 60s, Ms. Fielding knows firsthand just how tough it is to sustain a language effort over time, however.
Executive planning, the ability to direct and sustain attention, language and several types of memory may be compromised by conditions such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, cancer, autism, cerebral palsy and Alzheimer's disease.
"There needs to be a concentrated effort for these forces to have sustained regional language training and expertise," said Lesley Anne Warner, an Africa analyst with CNA's Center for Strategic Studies in Alexandria, Va., who has studied the regional brigade concept.
He notes the syntax of the grandmothers ("I'm tryin' to sustain") and the language of the children ("I have the beauty of my mother and the braveness of my father").
