Survival rates were determined as the fraction of surviving individuals among all plants of a given accession ranging from 0 to 1, where 0 means no plants survived and 1 means all plants from one accessions survived.
These survival curves showed stage-dependent changes of the percentage of the surviving individuals.
In some species, mortality rates of intraovarian young are high, and surviving individuals ingest those that die.
Most likely, the descendants of those surviving individuals and those of subsequent generations would have been small themselves.
The main hatching times (50% of the surviving individuals reached hatching) are shown in Table 1.
We then allowed the surviving individuals to 'reproduce', effectively doubling the population size post-simulation.
Moreover, these pathogens failed to develop resistance to the compound: There were no surviving individuals that had evolved to withstand its attack.
Regarding the response to drought at the population level, the most affected P. sylvestris population slightly increased growth after the 1994 drought, which we relate to a relaxation of competition among surviving individuals.
Surviving individuals were later invited to the third Nord-Trøndelag Health Survey (HUNT 3), where 39,690 (42%) of 94,194 invited inhabitants aged ≥20 years responded to a validated headache questionnaire.
Establishment is less likely to succeed when only a scattering of surviving individuals or propagules, rather than a 'population' of an invading organism, reach a new destination (Van der Plank [1975]; Lindemann et al. [1984]; Garrett and Bowden [2002]).
Surviving individuals were transferred to individual 10-mL diet tubes, but, during rearing, some chewed through the plastic lids between weekly checks and became mixed in a communal container.
