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The remaining losses occur through anergic cell death, whereby cells engaged in low-avidity interactions survive to enter the TR stages but die before completing maturation [21] [22].
Let iD, 1 ≤ iD ≤ n1, denote the number of lineages from population 1 (other than T) that survive to enter the ancestral population at the divergence time tD.
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Although some small primitive mammals had lived in the shadow of the great Cretaceous reptiles, the scientists could not find evidence supporting an earlier hypothesis that up to 39 placental mammalian lineages survived to enter the post-extinction world.
Of all the female camel calves reported born, 0.455 failed to reach first calving, representing 54.5% of the potential heifer replacements surviving to enter the milking herd.
Instead, the proliferation signal that is mediated by BAFF results in more cells surviving to enter the cell cycle, rather than the actual costimulation of B cells [ 36].
Thus, as evidenced by multiple studies, DNA damage is able to force surviving cells to enter senescence and engage a fairly complicated network that mediates the development of a signal transduction cascade.
This combination cytokine therapy not only stimulated cell proliferation, but enabled surviving cells to enter the cell cycle after irradiation.
Seedlings that did not survive to the final census were entered as zeroes.
Without knowing whether he would survive, he chose to enter an internet café to transfer his last song to Bazz.
Naloxone's proliferation has allowed more people to survive long enough to enter treatment, and likewise is not associated with increased drug use.
However, Mullany's 2006 Nepal study showed a very promising result: among infants surviving long enough to enter the study (about 6 to 12 hours after delivery), mortality was about one-quarter lower among infants treated with chlorhexidine than in the comparison group.
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