However, higher protein intake (up to 1.4 g/kg/day, based on normalized protein nitrogen appearance) has been associated with increased survival in one study, despite an associated increase in serum phosphorus [ 16].
Four studies investigated 5-15 year survival and one study investigated the 2-14 year wear rate; no difference was found between monoblock and modular cups.
Concerning patient outcome, in Italian breast cancer patients, the retention of an arginine allele was correlated with a reduction of survival in one study [ 26].
15– 17 Nausea and vomiting do appear to become more common as death approaches, so it is not surprising that nausea has been found to be a predictor of a shortened survival in one study.
Although little is known about the influence of exposure to ionising radiation at low or high doses on overall survival and breast cancer specific survival in carriers, one study showed that radiation associated breast cancer had a distinct, less favourable, gene expression profile.
For example, while five studies show that depression is associated with decreased survival, there is one study where depression seems to increase survival.
The estimated 1-year survival rate in one study was 45.8%; more than half of deaths are caused by infection.
To our knowledge, no observational studies have examined the association between tea or caffeine consumption and breast cancer survival, and only one study has examined the association with coffee consumption.
42 In the published literature, NASH rather than simple steatosis has been stated to be linked with decreased overall survival 36 although one study with a large cohort found no association between NAFLD and overall mortality.
47 Nevertheless, surgery followed by endocrine therapy was shown to do better than endocrine therapy alone in PFS and specific survival 48– 50 and, for one study, in overall survival.
