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Thus, we also fixed yearling survival of males (at a value of 0.88), but estimated a parameter that reflected the difference between male and female annual survival, constrained to provide the biological realism of higher female survival.
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Endophyte symbiosis appeared to negatively affect host germination and early survival, constraining the niche of P. leptocoma; however, endophyte presence positively influenced the growth of plants that successfully germinated and survived, regardless of their location.
This finding was repeated across all age groups, and is in accordance with the results of Lachiewich and Soileau (2006) who demonstrated acceptable survival for constrained designs.
As the fully parameterised model broke a key assumption of a CJS model (as demonstrated by the significant effect found for test 2), we tested a simplified model in which the survival of individual trees was constrained to be constant in all time intervals but was free to differ between adults and saplings.
The cryopreservation of intact articular cartilage is constrained by minimal chondrocyte survival.
This pattern suggests that evolution of male tail length may be constrained by ecological selection if tail length impacts survival in some way.
The activity of Bax and Bak is constrained by the pro-survival Bcl-2 proteins that prevent their homomultimerization.
Thus, endophyte presence constrained the germination and early survival of host plants to microsites occupied by P. leptocoma.
Last, collection of survival and neurocognitive outcome data has been constrained by early euthanasia in cases where animals were not able to stand within 36 hours after CPR.
It survived, but with its freedom constrained.
It was a frugal life style, constrained by the demands of basic survival, but there were enough grace notes to make you feel that the inhabitants enjoyed their existence.
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