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21 59 Although the qualitative assessment of suffering before death is a key dimension of quality of death, the measure of suffering in the Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey was ascertained from the decedents' next of kin and may be biased.
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In each follow-up survey from the third, whether a caregiver reported that the child had a dental visit due to dental caries in the 12 months before the survey date was ascertained (eg, between 18 and 30 months at the third survey and between 30 and 42 months at the fourth survey).
Time since first treatment was ascertained by patients' survey responses.
As with the previous three cohorts, the completeness of the hospital registry was ascertained through a survey of nurses who staff all public, private, and parochial schools in the School District of Philadelphia.
The perception of individual sites by the local population was ascertained via a questionnaire survey (n = 150).
Information on individual-level demographic and health-related behaviors was ascertained through a mailed survey sent to members of AARP at baseline in 1995.
Self-reported physical and mental functioning was ascertained using the SF-36 health survey questionnaire at ages 60 64.
It was ascertained from the focus groups that the survey took about 10 minutes to complete.
Information on age, sex, race/ethnicity, and smoking was ascertained from the questionnaire portion of the survey.
Current MHT use was ascertained in two periodic German national health surveys conducted in 1997 1999 and 2003 2004.
Mortality was ascertained from hospital discharge status (actual date available) or from the survey data (reported monthly).
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