It was therefore impossible to calculate the number of avoided cases when using syndromic surveillance and to quantify the real benefit compared to clinical surveillance.
The country should consider initiating a CRS surveillance system to quantify the burden with the goal of introducing rubella vaccine in the future.
In collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO) a pilot project was conducted in New Delhi, India (2002-2005) [ 8] and elsewhere [ 9] to develop validated reproducible and sustainable surveillance methodologies to quantify antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic use in the community.
Further surveillance is needed to quantify the prevalence of resistance in Sudan and identify those areas of the country in need of strengthened TB treatment supervision.
In this study, we took advantage of the long-standing sentinel surveillance system in Hong Kong, to quantify the synchrony between ILI consultation rates and the virus activity revealed by laboratory surveillance.
The National Institute for Medical Research conducted WHO STEP wise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance (WHO STEPs survey), to quantify the risk factors and burden for NCDs (15) nationally.
However, as with other active surveillance, it is difficult to quantify how the non-probability sample used differed from the general population in terms of susceptibility to influenza infection and health-care seeking behaviour.
In view of recent trends, we examined national surveillance data for England to quantify the role of concurrent conditions in persons with listeriosis and stratified these conditions to examine risks for persons >60 years of age.
Because no individual study is likely to be powered to detect significant rates of baseline or emergent resistance, pharmacoepidemiologic surveillance methods should be advocated to quantify significant trends in this outcome.
