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One of the key functions of caffeine in the plants that produce it is allelopathy – the ability to reduce competition from surrounding species by suppressing their growth.
Some plant species, for example, are able to extract water and nutrients from the soil faster than surrounding species.
Relationships between mesas and their surrounding, species richness and number of mesa specialists were used as measures to explore the influence of elevation on these floristic parameters.
In contrast, the exclusive nature of the competitive interaction drives surrounding species to extinction, resulting in decreased diversity at the population edge.
These results were confirmed in ISAR neighbourhood analyses, were we found a significant repelling effect of large arborescent mature palms on surrounding species at distances < 5 m.
In contrast, immature arborescent palms had no such effect on surrounding species diversity, and the observed ISAR values for the null model generally remained within the simulation envelopes, indicating a significant but very small repelling effect at only one distance category (3 m, Figure 3B).
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Therefore, it cannot be excluded that individual patches were affected by the surrounding plant species masking the effect of the chosen plant species.
This study showed that the composition of the urban bird community in Oslo reflected that of surrounding areas: species that were widespread in the surroundings were also more common within the city.
The puzzle is one of the greatest surrounding our species.
High T. tabaci abundance on early season cotton was attributed to the abundance of T. tabaci on the surrounding weed species, because the weed hosts on which it was recorded were plentiful then.
Shark-like batoids within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP) were chosen as a case study, given the conservation concern surrounding these species, limited knowledge of their spatial ecology and their exposure to fishing.
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