Our data reflected widespread concerns about scientific integrity, such as the low reproducibility rate in some fields, professional pressures to publish in top-rated journals, and the bad publicity surrounding the retraction of papers from academic journals.
But the circumstances surrounding this week's retraction of a 12-year-old Science paper, involving research funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), appear to be highly unusual.
► "[T]he circumstances surrounding this week's retraction of a 12-year-old Science paper, involving research funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), appear to be highly unusual," Jeffrey Mervis wrote Thursday at ScienceInsider.
The events surrounding the imposed retraction of Séralini et al. [2] point to the need to recognize the tension inherent between commercial interests of product developers and the scientific process, and to put in place at least basic safeguards to protect the latter.
Arterial damages can occur because of bone spikes, tip of the screws, drills, displaced implants and retraction of surrounding tissue [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].
Nanosecond UV lasers excel at cutting cell edges using just a single pulse in experiments designed to measure the mechanical retraction of surrounding cells on time scales of milliseconds and longer.
At 2.5 h postepithelial binding, there is significant endothelium retraction (indicated by arrows) along two sides of the invading epithelial cell with almost complete retraction of the surrounding endothelial cells after 5 h.
The flanges allow retraction of the surrounding soft tissue when the handle is rotated about the axis of the retractor point.
Five chest trocars were introduced (Figure 2), and carbon dioxide (CO2) was insufflated at a pressure of 8 mmHg to expand the mediastinum, maximizing the exposure of the intrathoracic esophagus without the need for additional retraction of the surrounding structures.
Filopodia are active tubular structures protruding from the cell surface which allow the cell to sense and interact with the surrounding environment through repetitive elongation-retraction cycles.
