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Authors acknowledge the fact that biomechanical studies do not always correlate well with the clinical outcomes; however, biomechanical tests are widely accepted as the best available predictors and surrogates for future outcomes.
Although some of these may be valid surrogates for future disease (for example, blood pressure, HDL and LDL cholesterol, and waist circumference) and some are of direct importance to patients (for example, weight loss), the value of other outcomes is unclear (for example, fasting blood insulin).
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An initial implementation is chosen for each incoming request, subject to time-window and other constraints, and with an objective of minimising additional travel time or maximising a surrogate for future fleet capacity.
Initially these experiments centered on examining urban to rural differences in climate, using cities like Baltimore, Maryland, as a surrogate for future climate change.
Increased breast density is a strong surrogate for future breast cancer risk.
Carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) is a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis that is a surrogate for future cardiovascular disease [ 13, 14].
24, 25 Therefore, we believe sTg <0.5 μg/L at 9 months after surgery is a reasonable surrogate for future recurrences.
20, 21 Therefore, we believe that sTg of <0.5 μg/L at 9 months after surgery would serve as a good surrogate for future recurrences.
C-reactive protein and soluble E-selectin hold promise as surrogate markers for future cardiovascular events.
This article discusses the need for biomarkers and surrogate endpoints for future clinical trials in individuals at risk for Huntington's disease.
A better understanding of the remodeling response of vein grafts in humans is required to design effective molecular therapies and to define the appropriate target populations and surrogate markers for future clinical trials.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com