Sentence examples for surrogate trees from inspiring English sources

Missing data (missing genus means for explanatory variables) are handled by GBM through surrogate trees [42].

In 2007, we estimated the survival of 2210 recently germinated seedlings of nine tree species transplanted near conspecific and heterospecific trees, a surrogate for describing distance-dependent mortality, as part of an experiment with landscape-level replication across eight mixed-deciduous forests in the southern Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina.

Data from over 500 tree-plots and forest type maps was used to test the ability of this remotely sensed distance to be a surrogate for abundance based tree-species compositional turn-over and as a continuous measure of forest type and ecosystem services.

The magnitude of individual events is given as S, M, L, XL, and derived from volumetric data of deposits, grain size distributions of boulders, and a series of surrogates (snout elevations, tree survival, lateral spread of surges).

Whereas some methods, such as linear regression, often default to only using complete data to predict an outcome, decision trees use the surrogate split method.

We adapted a causal framework from the medical literature and applied this framework to investigate the consistency of a well-established habitat surrogate of arboreal marsupials: hollow-bearing trees.

The differentiation in different dbh-classes as a surrogate for ontogenetic stages of a tree and at the same time also different social situations within a vertically structured canopy revealed different species-specific stages of sensitivity to competition by crowding and/or overtopping, which changed during the lifetime of a tree.

A measure of competition is a surrogate for the ability of a tree to compete for scarce resources, such as light, water, and nutrients.

The trees, in effect, become their surrogates.

We tested a new metric for the degree of integration of forest in multifunctional landscapes which recognizes the surrounding matrix, both as surrogate habitat and as a corridor for tree species.

Three main assumptions are discussed below: 1) the use of tree aboveground biomass as a surrogate for total accumulation rates, 2) the explicit inclusion of carbon legacies, and 3) the landscape age structure of regrowing forests.