Sentence examples for surrogate traits from inspiring English sources

Given the cost of ∆13C analysis, there is interest in identifying less expensive, well-correlated traits that could act as surrogate traits for selection.

Potential markers may have therefore represented surrogate traits, overall confirming phenotypes at a molecular basis.

Interestingly, SCMR was associated with Pn and this trait could be used as surrogate trait for improved Pn under drought conditions.

SCS, a phenotypic measure of the number of somatic cells in milk, is often used as a surrogate trait for udder health and has a strong genetic correlation to mastitis in the German Holstein population (rg = 0.84; [ 22]).

Key to the success of this technique is that the measurements obtained are quantitative, quick to obtain and a good surrogate for important traits, such as determination of plant biomass.

Furthermore, the increasing accumulation of worldwide data sets on species' core and soft traits (surrogates to determine core traits indirectly) on one side and the refinement of conceptual frameworks for animal functional types on the other side will further improve functional type approaches which consider the sensitivities of multiple species to climate change, habitat loss, and fragmentation.

In our study, modest decreases in albumin and GGT and increases in bilirubin were observed with increasing age after adjustments for sex, alcohol use, metabolic syndrome traits, and surrogate markers of adiposity, suggesting that a decrease in liver function may indeed be present.

Consequently, the typical approach has been to use clinically measureable surrogates, such as musculoskeletal traits, that influence in vivo cartilage stress.

Given the high heritability of some of these bone traits (as surrogates for osteoporosis), there is reason to be optimistic that the underlying disease-causing genes can be identified.

Seed mass may serve as a surrogate for a number of traits important to the population biology of species, such as dispersal ability [33], persistence in the soil [34], time to first reproduction, plant life span and reproductive lifespan [35], seedling survival [36], and number of seeds produced annually per plant [16], [35].

Thus, our results suggest that the use of phenotypic traits as a surrogate for ecology in studies dealing with phylogenetic niche conservatism may be problematic [ 11], but see [ 47].