Giuliani, a loyal surrogate often tasked with answering serious charges against the businessman, made his case in an interview with the Wall Street Journal this week.
An alternative approach for understanding visual disability in glaucoma is to measure the patient's actual performance in surrogates of tasks they would encounter every day.
Bacteriophages have been the first choice surrogate for this task, because of the well-characterized nature of strains and the presence of established protocols for quantification.
To examine drivers' ability to manage their own workload in these traffic situations, a self-initiated, surrogate mobile phone task was presented to them, to coincide with changes in traffic demand.
33 36 The semantic and commitment dimensions of context resemble the psychological fidelity dimension, that is, the degree to which the trainee perceives the simulation to be an authentic surrogate for the task being trained.
Testing of biomass stove performance is mainly based on the use of water boiling or heating as a surrogate for cooking tasks.
Hunt plays a sex surrogate who's tasked with introducing Hawkes O'Brienn to the pleasures of physical intimacy.
Two fundamentally distinct secondary tasks (or surrogate in-vehicle information systems, sIVIS) were developed: a visual search task, designed such that it only required visual processing/demand and an auditory continuous memory task, intended to cognitively load drivers without any visual stimulus.
However, with a wide variety of approaches available in the literature, the correct choice of surrogate is a difficult task.
Measurement error of some type often arises in observational studies because of the use of surrogate variables (e.g., overall job task), self-reported behaviors (e.g., frequency of pesticide use), or other inexact measurements (Kauppinen 1994).
The successful isolation of a useful surrogate may seem an improbable task especially in cases where nothing is known about the hotspot surface(s) on a target.
