Density of oak + hickory advance regeneration in year 13 was positively related to its weighted frequency (a surrogate for size and abundance) in year 0 (r2 = 0.67, p < 0.0001) and inversely related to stand density (r2 = 0.33, p < 0.0001) and canopy cover (r2 = 0.31, p < 0.0001), both of which were reduced by fire.
It both is a surrogate for size-distribution effects in those populations where the size distribution changes in a smooth or predictable way throughout a seasonal cycle, and it provides a handle for modeling the response of the population to changes in resource abundance.
The publication has tested the methodology on several possible surrogates: tumour size for cancer, C-reactive protein, troponin, β-carotene, and low-density and high-density lipoprotein for cardiovascular risk.
There was a statistically significant correlation of survival to the diameter of treatment applicator (a surrogate for tumor size) used during IOERT.
Following previous studies [25] [29], we use the average stock price in the year as surrogate of firm size given its relevance and undisputed effect on the analysis of stock fluctuations.
However after accounting for 'Troponin I as a surrogate for infarct size', the interaction between CVD and DM in predicting mortality lost statistical significance (p = 0.056) suggesting differences in 'infarct size' may account for some of our observations.
These data indicate that 405 → 450 nm autofluorescence can serve as a surrogate for cell size measurement, at least for some mammalian cells, but that which parameter(s) is/are optimal for any given cell type are best determined empirically.
To determine this influence, we examined the association between weight (as a surrogate for body size) as the explanatory variable and lung and tidal volumes as outcomes, since weight was the strongest contributor to volume (Table 4).
Using hematoxylin component data, we defined a digital pathologic surrogate for nuclear size.
Essential revisions: 1) Isn't "quality" as resulting from parental care environment just a vague surrogate for body size?
