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The harmonization process itself uses a statistically valid location measure as surrogate reference measurement procedure.
We present the Relative Quantitative Reference Approach for Naturalness Assessments (RANA), a method for overcoming the lack of virgin forests using a surrogate reference for forested landscapes.
The other six studies used a second DAT SPECT scan, at least 2 years later, as surrogate reference standard [20,22,23,45,48,49].
We show that when aligning RNA-Seq reads to a surrogate reference, it is important to consider the intricate details of the methods used.
In the absence of a gold standard of infection, we used this score to quantify the degree of exposure in children as a surrogate reference standard for M.tb infection [ 29- 31] [Table 1.
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In this work, the combustion chemistry of one of the simplest, but most frequently used gasoline surrogates – primary reference fuel 84 (PRF 84, 84 vol% iso-octane and 16 vol% n-heptane), has been examined in a stoichiometric premixed laminar flame.
As a histopathology-based gold standard was not realizable for every lesion detected, the consensus decision (based on correlation of all available image data, histologic and surgical findings where available and clinical follow-up) was established as a surrogate standard of reference.
Exhaust emissions, including particulate matter and other gaseous emissions, were measured with the surrogate fuel and a reference diesel fuel.
Desmethylveramiline (1), an aza steroid analogue of veramiline was designed as a surrogate for cyclopamine, a reference antagonist of the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) pathway.
The presence of inorganic ligands (chloride, sulfate, phosphate, carbonate, and nitrate) and metal ions (cobalt (II), copper (II), nickel (II), chromium (VI), lead (II) and cadmium (II)) produced different behaviors both in the chemical surrogate and the biological references.
The fibrogenic potential of 11 different welding fumes and metallic aerosols, considered to be reference standard surrogates for the commonly used welding technologies and applications responsible for 70% of welders exposure, is screened by using the rat peritoneal macrophage (RPM) in vitro bioassay.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com