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Systemic arterial compliance (SAC) was estimated using the "area method" by obtaining a surrogate pressure waveform representing the aortic root driving pressure via applanation tonometry with a Millar Mikro-Tip pencil type transducer (Millar Instruments Inc ,Houston, USA).
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See related commentary by Michard et al, The respiratory fluctuations of stroke volume and its surrogate, pulse pressure (PP), in mechanically ventilated patients are an expression of the relationship between changes in left ventricular preload and stroke volume.
An intriguing recent report describes setting PEEP guided by oesophageal pressures as a surrogate for pleural pressure [ 48].
The second part of the study uses data from a previous series of wind-tunnel experiments, performed to investigate the response of a compliant panel to the effects of high-speed flow, to train a pressure surrogate model.
Measuring esophageal pressure (surrogate of pleural pressure) allows pressure dissipated through the chest wall to be differentiated from pressure distending the lungs (transpulmonary pressure).
Finger photoplethysmography conveniently provides a continuous pressure surrogate waveform during the Valsalva maneuver.
Absolute BNP levels can be considered as a surrogate for wedge pressure.
We compared the trending abilities between SVV and pressure surrogate indices using four-quadrant plots and polar plots.
We hypothesized that the orbital subarachnoid space width (OSASW) is correlated with and can serve as a surrogate for intracranial pressure (ICP).
We therefore think that the %MRSA observed 1 month before is a surrogate for the pressure attributable to MRSA-positive patients during the past month.
We used the four-quadrant plots and polar plots to examine the trending abilities of arterial pressure surrogate dynamic indices against SVV in normal and high vasomotor tone.
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