This, in turn, helped encourage the use of surrogate plant chromosomes like the relatively small genome of rice to assist in the map-based cloning of genes in large-genome species like barley, wheat, or sugarcane [14, 33, 19].
The available complex simulation model is used as surrogate plant to generate control relevant input and output trajectories and both an optimization of the input and an iterative nonlinear identification procedure are used.
We used remotely sensed data as a surrogate of plant productivity and habitat structure variables for explaining α- and β-diversity, and evaluated the relative roles of productivity-habitat structure and spatial variables in explaining observed patterns of α- and β-diversity by using a Principal Coordinates of Neighbor Matrices analysis.
First, there are general patterns of difference in NDVI, a surrogate of plant production, inside and outside protected areas.
In order to have a high-throughput quantitative measure of host damage, we used the activity of a constitutively expressed transgenic luciferase gene [14] as a surrogate of plant health.
Therefore it is especially appealing to find appropriate surrogates of plant species richness through remote sensing and GIS applications for rapidly assessing a given area for conservation planning.
The approaches used include bioassays using organisms representative of those we expect to find in the affected environment or surrogate organisms or plants.
We also calculated the combined recruitment kernel provided by our sample of 10 lizard individuals for each individual plant, and interpreted it as a surrogate of the plant's seed shadow.
However, group-specific indicators were obvious: forest site type was a good surrogate for vascular plant richness, and quantity and quality of dead wood predicted the species richness of polypores.
The syringe of chimpanzee semen plunged into a willing human female surrogate; Darwin investigating insectivorous plants with a cane topped by an emerald-eyed, ivory skull; radioresistant tardigrades and the use of cesium-accumulating mushrooms to decontaminate nuclear exclusion zones.
