Here is how the logic of the surrogate outcome worked.
Blood pressure, in this case, was not a reliable surrogate outcome for assessing the drug's benefits on real-world outcomes.
Well, it measures a "surrogate outcome", a lab finding, that is one step removed from the real world, and one that may flatter the cream.
Guermazi A, Roemer FW, Burstein D, Hayashi D. Why radiography should no longer be considered a surrogate outcome measure for longitudinal assessment of cartilage in knee osteoarthritis.
The validity of ANM as a surrogate outcome for long-term neurodevelopment has not been well studied.
To meaningfully interpret trials using surrogate outcomes, one must translate changes in the surrogate outcome to changes in the clinical outcome.
Using change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on creatinine concentration as a surrogate outcome in clinical trials of chronic kidney disease has been proposed.
Auditory neural myelination (ANM) as evaluated by auditory brainstem evoked response (ABR) during the neonatal period has been used as a surrogate outcome for long-term neurodevelopment.
The AREDS scale has deficiencies as a surrogate outcome for progression to advanced AMD.
This finding enables consideration of using infarct size as a valid surrogate outcome measure in assessing new STEMI treatments.
Thus, "imaging biomarkers may be used as a surrogate outcome measure for the biological behaviour of different diseases" [9].
