Sentence examples for surrogate indicators from inspiring English sources
Finally, analysis of the citation share and certain surrogate indicators shows that the Chinese scientific community needs to work on improving its research impact.
Hundreds of representative environmental surfaces in the plane were scaled down, and fluorescent particles were used as surrogate indicators of virus-laden aerosols.
Awareness that tissue hypoperfusion is a key factor in the pathogenesis of the multiple organ failures has focused the attention on surrogate indicators of tissue perfusion in the critically ill patient [1, 2].
This methodology was applied to an aquifer in Iran and compared with the standard DRASTIC approach using the water quality parameters nitrate, chloride and total dissolved solids (TDS) as surrogate indicators of aquifer vulnerability.
The application of Bayesian Networks was found to enhance the integration of quantitative and qualitative spatially distributed data for analysing the influence of environmental and anthropogenic factors using three surrogate indicators of human health risk, namely, turbidity, total nitrogen and fats/oils.
Despite these equivocal conclusions, the research strongly suggests that analysis of RS data with improved resolution can provide surrogate indicators of change in groundwater and associated ecosystem services, supporting formulation of flexible policies incorporating local action to regenerate socio-ecological systems.
For instance, E. coli are commonly used as surrogate indicator, whose presence in food generally indicates direct and indirect contamination with human or animal faeces [7].
Thus incidence and money spent on cancer services are indicative rather than definitive but are used as a surrogate indicator of comparable incidence of cancer and proportional expenditure on cancers services but nothing on Australia, Canada, Japan and the USA.
In vitro release has been used as a very important surrogate indicator of in vivo performance.
Hence, IFN-γ is commonly used as a surrogate indicator of anti-cancer immune responses [26].
Protected-area coverage is an internationally-recognized surrogate indicator for measuring biodiversity conservation.
