On a local level, the Senator will rely on a "Small Business Network," in which small business owners would serve "as local surrogates for the McCain plan... write letters to the editor, op-eds and participate in surrogate events".
To illustrate, one analysis may allow a surrogate outcome as evidence of an event, whereas another report may require a clinical event or more stringent criteria of an event.
For clinical outcomes, we extracted reported endpoints on dose adjustment, additional medication, adherence, adverse events, healthcare utilization, surrogate outcome parameters, and others.
But on Sunday, Mr. Gore is appearing in Nashville at a Democratic dinner, timed to the Tuesday primary, partly as Dr. Dean's surrogate, although the event is also billed as a celebration of "Tennessee leadership and values".
The C.I.A. was also reasonable in judging that Iraq appeared to have been reaching out to more effective terrorist groups, such as Hezbollah and Hamas, and might have intended to employ such surrogates in the event of war.
Glycated haemoglobin is considered a surrogate of cardiac events in type 2 diabetes.
Further research on genome instability in lymphocytes of cancer patients is needed to investigate its significance for cancer prevention and to identify how well these surrogate cells reflect events at the level of the target tumor tissue.
Therefore, we chose AP-1 formation as the surrogate for downstream events, since it promotes cell cycle progression through increased expression of proteins, such as cyclin D1 [ 52], and antagonizes the function other molecules, such as p53 and p21 [ 53].
In a recent randomized controlled trial, home nocturnal HD (5-6 sessions per week, 7-8 hours per session) conferred a regression in left ventricular mass (LVM), a well-validated surrogate for clinical events, as compared to individuals who remained on CHD [ 7].
