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In this patient population CD38 expression on CD8+ T cells was also not associated with current clinical disease status (data not shown), but neither was the best immunologic surrogate available, CD4+ lymphocyte frequency, associated with clinical disease status (Figure 4b).
Eight percent of patients were unable to consent due to communication difficulties with no surrogate available.
Foremost is the possibility that one may not have a good surrogate available for one of the ancestral mixing populations, as in our Japanese example.
Regarding lupus nephritis, the serum B lymphocyte chemoattractant (CXCL13/BLC) was increased in 31 adult patients in comparison with 60 SLE patients without renal involvement and might be a surrogate available marker as well [ 40].
Similar(56)
We therefore aim to correlate the frequency of arterial BGA measurement and the change rate of the monitored parameters like glucose or ABE and replace parameters with surrogates available at higher frequencies.
Simulations were carried out using a detailed reaction mechanism for gasoline surrogates available in the literature and the agreement with the ignition and speciation experiments was generally excellent (within the experimental uncertainty and expected computational uncertainty) for ignition delay times and for the species time-histories, with a few small discrepancies.
Kent Tritle played valiantly on a surrogate, the available electronic organ, producing an agreeable murmur but hardly the grand climaxes called for.
Are surrogate markers available?
Of 188 eligible patients, 42 patients were enrolled who had no exclusion criteria and a surrogate was available to sign informed consent.
Access to second-line ART regimens in LMIC is problematic, mainly because of the expense of HIV protease inhibitors (PI) [9], and CD4 monitoring is often the sole surrogate marker available to guide the management of the infection [10].
Unfortunately, however, so far there is no surrogate marker available for this purpose.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com