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Alternatively, unchanged benefit rules would require raising the Social Security tax rate, as already indicated, from today's 12.4%% to more than 19%.How the plan would workThe Social Security trust fund holds the present surplus of payroll-tax receipts over benefits in the form of government bonds, but this is a mere accounting convention: it does not affect the fundamental arithmetic.
It consists of trust fund loans to the federal government of past surplus payroll taxes that the federal government will repay with "full faith and credit".
Indeed, according to independent Social Security actuaries, if funds were taken from the Social Security surplus equal to what would be needed to start individual accounts based on 2percentt of payroll taxes, Social Security would go insolvent 14 years earlier than projected -- unless, of course, benefits were cut significantly.
The commission says 37percentt of payroll tax receipts, which sounds immense; but that's only about 2percentt of G.D.P. That's an interesting number: it's about what the federal government now pays in interest on its debt -- the debt that Social Security surpluses are being used to pay off.
Some may need to receive injections of 50% of payroll.
A different treatment of payroll variables alters the role of salary dispersion.
Second, we re-estimate our model using total compensation (payroll plus non-wage benefits) instead of payroll as the outcome of the wage equation.
About 95percentt of payroll employees are in jobs that are covered by the UI system.
Importantly, non-registration goes hand-in-hand with the avoidance of payroll taxes.
We find little evidence of wage effects of payroll tax changes.
Take advantage of payroll deductions.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com