Sentence examples for surplus function from inspiring English sources

} end{aligned} (5)Like Iyengar et al. (2008), Lambrecht et al. (2007) and Schlereth and Skiera (2012), we assume a quadratic functional form for the consumer's surplus function as follows u_t(n) = beta_1 n - beta_2 n^2 - k_t(n), (6 where (beta_2>0betare>0) are the individual preference parameters that express the consumer's gross surplus of consumption relative to the monetary units (k).

end{aligned} (40)This completes the individual estimation of a consumer's surplus function.

However, our results are not limited to this specification and should hold for any quasi-concave consumer surplus function.

An exemplary estimation of an individual consumer's surplus function can be found in the Appendix 2. We then evaluate our model in two different ways.

In Section 4, we determine the optimal Medicare fee under balance billing using the social surplus function of Glazer and McGuire.

The solutions are unique because the consumer surplus function is quasi concave and the corresponding cost function (5) is linear (see Hausmann 1985, p. 1257).

Sensitivity-analysis-based techniques can then be used for the optimal design of land use plans and transportation policies so that certain social surplus functions are optimized.

As mentioned above, the simple approach of abolishing the surplus functions of highly engineered products is insufficient - the existent capabilities of emerging market ecosystems are crucial.

It is noteworthy that the fundamental idea of frugal innovation originates as a result from imaginative problem solving and the regional circumstances of poverty and exigency, not only for abolishing the surplus functions of sophisticated products or for investigating them.

Corresponding to consumers' surplus functions, as long as the consumer's willingness to pay is more than the cost of the purchase of products and the operation of organizations, we generally assume that there always exist organizations which can satisfy the cost constraints they have established under the condition of ignoring interest rates.

Harambee collectives have a strong normative component for social cohesion in addition to surplus creation functions.