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The similarity in surnames between two locations tended to decrease as the distance between the locations increased.
At the same time, however, we are quickly realizing how vulnerable genomic information is: it is possible to identify individuals based on their genomic data by matching publicly available de-identified Y-chromosome data to genetic geneology databases, linking surnames between individuals and any distant relative on their paternal side (Gymrek et al. 2013).
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Djokovic dug to 15-30 with a second serve that kicked into Tsonga's body, but the crowd chanted the Frenchman's surname between points all the same.
Another limitation that helped further narrow the research was any coincidence of surname between the main administrator/entrepreneur at the time of the firm's establishment and the current one.
The information from the registrar also reveals whether an individual has changed surname between the time of diagnosis and time of death.
"Both are quite common surnames, and between 1790 and 1801 we had 12 Thomas Taylors who were serving in the Coldstream Guards," says retired Colonel Simon Vandeleur, the regimental adjutant who has been key in organising the repatriation.
In addition, the very high surname similarity between the eastern province of Shandong and a cluster of provinces in the northeast of China may reflect the migration of more than 20 million people from Shandong to the northeast in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush's predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half.
Although we can categorize caste precisely for Brahmin and Chetri, similar surnames and controversial classifications between Vaishya and Shudra might have caused occasional misclassification of caste groups.
For comparing bit strings, the Dice-coefficient can be defined as (4) where h is the number of bit positions set to 1 in both bit strings, a is the number of bit positions set to 1 in A and b the number of bit positions set to 1 in B. The performance of the new method was compared with the performance of the q-gram similarity between unencrypted surnames using simulated and actual databases.
Let her be grateful for small things: "There is no hyphen" between the serial surnames, she said.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com