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The productivity was similar (26.4 g dW m− 2 d− 1) when the volumetric flow rate was increased with surge frequency held constant.
This is a minimization problem which contain three main variables are coil diameter (CD), wire diameter (WD), and the number of active coils (NAC) under some restrictions such as minimum deflection, surge frequency, and shear stress.
Volumetric flow rate and wave surge frequency were independently manipulated in an ATS operating over a range of nitrogen loading rates, and the effects on algal biomass productivity were measured through periodic sacrificial harvest.
In this thesis, CFX software is adopted to analyze the hydrodynamic performance of the turbine in constant inflow with the turbine being forced vibrating and to study how the hydrodynamic performance of the turbine is influenced by surge frequency, surge amplitude and speed ratio.
When flow rate was held constant, a maximum productivity of 26.8 g dW m− 2 d− 1 was observed at a wave surge frequency of 17 min− 1 at high nitrogen loading rates, with lower productivities at higher and lower frequencies.
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These nonlinear effects include combined-frequency effect such as double, difference and sum of wave, as well as natural pitch and surge frequencies.
Goals are minimisation of wire volume, space restriction, desired spring rate, avoidance of surging frequency and achieving reliably long fatigue life.
An initial transient motion was observed in the experiments as a long period oscillation of the buoy at its surge natural frequency.
Fuel cell systems, whether grid tied or grid independent provide premium power without voltage sags, surges, and frequency variations that can impact computer systems.
This has arisen due to massive scaling in device dimensions and surge in device frequency happening so far.
The world has recently faced a sharp surge in the frequency of extremely severe natural disasters, and the effects have been devastating.
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