Exact(8)
Supramolecular architectures provide a reproducible template on which surficial processes can be studied.
In some areas, inaccurate predictions are due to uncertainty in the initial crustal boundary definition or from surficial processes that mask the crustal block geochemical signature.
Tectonic forcing causes the relief-building of mountain chains and enforces the surficial processes in a persistent dismantling of rock volumes, continuously modelling Earth's surface.
Because the different surficial processes and stages in the evolution of slopes create landscapes with different shapes, these parameters may lead to a genetic interpretation of topography.
Surficial processes acting on post-glacial alpine and sub-alpine landscapes vary at small temporal and spatial scales and are thus often difficult to conceptualize in the context of large-scale landscape evolution models.
The capability to routinely measure low concentrations of stable and radioactive cosmogenic nuclides has led to new methods for addressing long-standing geologic questions and has provided insights into rates and styles of surficial processes.
Similar(52)
To the Earth scientist, the crust includes not only the top layer of solid material (soil and rocks to a depth of 6 to 70 km [4 to 44 miles], separated from the underlying mantle by differences in density and by susceptibility to surficial geologic processes) but also the hydrosphere (oceans, surface waters on land, and groundwater beneath the land surface) and the atmosphere.
Project 2.4 aims at the comprehensive assessment of the surficial ecohydrological processes on a global scale.
These include representation of surficial groundwater processes and up-scaled rock properties as well as the need for calibration and predictive uncertainty quantification.
The Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company SKBB) supports this programme, with special interest in the Bangombe reactor, a shallow reaction zone possibly affected by surficial alteration processes.
Pedology, as a unique subdiscipline of soil science, contributes inordinately to Earth science, including, for example, elucidation of field variability, surficial weathering processes, Earth system dynamics, and vadose zone flow and transport.
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