The dislocations were introduced by indentation on the surfaces of solution-treated single crystals with different crystallographic orientations.
Rankine-Hugoniot condition: At any point on discontinuity surface of solution, is a unit normal vector to at if (2.6).
Afterward, when the high voltage is applied, the concentration of electrical power on cones on the surface of solution causes enhanced turbulence.
(i) Rankine-Hugoniot condition: At any point on discontinuity surface of solution, is a unit normal vector to at if (2.6) .
Then, spinning of spinneret also causes turbulence and stimulation of the formed solution's layer on the spinneret, and as a consequence, primary cones are established on the surface of solution.
During the evaporation of a liquid drop on a surface, evaporation of solution from the pinned outer edges generates an outward flow and concentrates particles at the edges.
Internal consistency between Equations (1) and (2) requires that [Eq. (3)]: (3) The vapor pressure local to the region of space just outside of the solution but near the surface of the solution will depend only on the properties of the solution itself.
In this process, the liquid phase of the solution aggregates on the surface of the solution.
For example, one assumption made in this paper is that the inherent fugacity of an ion (roughly speaking the ionic vapor pressure near the surface of the solution) does not change if the solution is placed in a region of different potential or if the solution becomes electrically charged.
A and Ao are, respectively, peak surface of phenol solution and peak surface of phenol initial solution (uV × s ).
In addition, a surface-active agent, SDBS, was added in the electrospun solution to generate bubbles at the free surface of the solution in the MFSE process.
