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A population of different refractory inner surfaces constitutes the candidate solution set.
The pile surface was established as "target" surface (TARGE170), and the soil surface contacting the pile as "contact" surface (CONTAC174); these two surfaces constitute the contact pair.
The development of thin and environmental friendly coatings on steel surfaces constitutes a major objective of steelmaking industry.
The data gathered by investigating thousands of plant surfaces constitute the rule that, e.g., wax crystals and cuticular folds exclude each other.
Soils and plant surfaces constitute nutrient limited environment, thereby putting pressure on a microbe to compete for the available nutrients (Pal and Gardener, 2006).
Like in the "plasticity" theory, the prediction of phase transformation yield surfaces constitutes an essential issue in the modelling of polycrystalline shape memory alloys thermomechanical behaviour.
The response surfaces constitute smooth approximations to variations in the CFD output with respect to perturbing empirically determined sub-grid model parameters.
The albedo of urban roofs and impervious surfaces constitutes one of the key parameters in the energy balance of the city environment, and its detailed and accurate assessment represents an ambitious and challenging objective.
To assess this problem, bioresorbable polyurethanes blended with stiffer synthetic or natural polymers, incorporating therapeutic agents and presenting modified nonthrombogenic surfaces, constitute the most promising aproximation for the preparation of tissue engineered vascular grafts.
Mechanical signals generated during walking on natural ground surfaces constitute a rich source of haptic sensory information [31] [33].
In mammals, the mucosal surfaces constitute the first defensive line against invading microbial pathogens.
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