Sentence examples for surface with a low from inspiring English sources

A smooth LT-GaN surface with a low defect density is obtained and indium decomposition is not observed.

Loth et al. studied tunneling transport through the depletion layer under a GaAs surface with a low temperature scanning tunneling microscope.

It can be clearly seen that water spreads adequately on the original shale surface with a low contact angle of 7.6°.

Water contact angle measurements and atomic force microscopy images revealed that the hydrated multilayer film created a highly hydrophilic surface with a low roughness.

Annealing CNTs above 1500 °C leads to a well graphitisized wall structure of CNTs with a nearly oxygen-free surface with a low number of defects.

The pristine P3HT PCBM film exhibits a very smooth surface with a low root-mean-square (rms) roughness of 0.81 nm (height image) and shows fibrillar crystalline domains of P3HT (phase image) [29].

Radiation refinement of the molded polystyrene surface with a low-molecular hydrazide was realized, but the results do not seem to be convincing [ 13].

PdAA surfaces with a low surface density of COOH groups (4 ± 1%, from the C1s XPS spectra) resulted more cell adhesive than coatings with higher COOH density.

All three effects, and in particular the increased prevalence of surfaces with a low surface energy at long coarsening times, may affect the surface functionalities and properties of nanoporous gold in various applications, e.g. as catalysts, sensors and actuators.

It is recommended to focus coating development on reduction of the impact pressure, e.g. by developing surfaces with a low modulus of elasticity; or on enlarging the safe area by: developing coatings with adjustable compressive stresses and hardness, or coatings without defects and impurities.

It is found that graphene growth is governed by the diffusion of active carbon species on the copper surface with a very low activation energy of 0.4 eV at low-temperature(≦ 850 °C) and low pressure.