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The successful transfer of these electrochemical sensing properties from the homogeneous phase to an electrode surface was achieved using functionalized polypyrrole films synthesized by oxidative polymerization of pyrrole-containing (ferrocenylmethyl trialkylammonium derivatives.
Analysis of changes in the chemical composition of the surface was achieved using PCA analysis of ToF SIMS data.
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Excellent adhesion of DLC film to the steel surface is achieved using a variety of surface modification techniques such as in-situ inert ion sputter cleaning and ion implantation or deposition of an intermediate bonding layer between the DLC film and the substrate.
The measurement of imperfections on the cylindrical surface is achieved using the interpolation method and Fourier series.
In one case, probe-DNA attachment directly to the gold surfaces is achieved using a thiol-terminated probe-DNA using a strong gold thiol interaction (Fig. 1a).
The surface nanocrystallization was achieved using a process combining sandblasting and recovery heat treatment.
Confirmation of this covalent coupling surface chemistry was achieved using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR).
This control of PS surface exposure was achieved using exchangeable PEG-derivatized phosphatidylethanolamines (PE-PEG), with 97% of clotting activity recovered after PE-PEG exchanged out.
The highest wear resistance, after the triple surface treatment, was achieved using the process with the titanium that was ion mixed together with the nitrogen.
The surface passivation was achieved using H, F and Cl atoms.
Surface modification by NMRP was achieved using GO functionalized with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine
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