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Repeatability of the mesa profiles and surface uniformity was reached.
Surface uniformity and grain size are observed by scanning electron microscopy.
Surface uniformity has been achieved over ∼1 μm2 areas with mean pore size around 10 nm.
Complex 3D objects such as a prosthetic knee implant can be heated to therapeutic temperatures with AMF, but surface uniformity of heating needs to be considered both for antibacterial efficacy and to reduce tissue damage.
Additionally, contact faces should provide a high degree of surface uniformity for low thermal and electrical contact resistances.
However, the introduction of Sn atoms degraded both the surface uniformity and mechanical properties of the films.
Similar(32)
It was also demonstrated that the surface roughness uniformity is another key factor to achieve a self-cleaning behavior.
Increasing the air speed of the branch tube nozzle could reduce the maximum wall temperature and enhance surface temperature uniformity; but these effects were relatively not significant.
Results show that both the heat dissipation rate and surface temperature uniformity data are in agreement with simulation results, which satisfies the application requirements for electrified vehicles.
In two-phase heat transfer, promising issues include not only improving the boiling performance but also the surface temperature uniformity and stability, which indicate that how long the system maintains thermal stability without a failure on the surface.
A three-dimensional model is employed to simulate the fluid flow and heat transfer in cooling plates and the capabilities of four different coolant flow field designs, include one parallel, two serpentine and one metal foam porous media field, are investigated and compared based on the maximum surface temperature, uniformity of temperature and the pressure drop.
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