Sentence examples for surface transformations from inspiring English sources

As a result, the moving lines inform about a deeply hidden restructuring process and accompany visible surface transformations too.

The possibility of producing different surface transformations like, melting and solid solid transformations by adjusting the gun control parameters is demonstrated.

The ability to visualize and characterize morphological, structural, and surface transformations associated with environmental exposure under in-situ conditions at high temporal resolution is critical for rationalization of structure property relationships and thus essential for future advancement of catalytic technologies.

In particular, Fe3+ and Co3+ ions generate more effective oxidation state discrepancies, i.e., more Ti3+ defect structures and surface transformations than the other metal ions (Cr3+, Mn2+, and Ni2+).

The emphasis was on the progressive studies of surface transformations within multilayer and monolayer TiAlCrSiYN-based PVD coatings during the running-in stage of wear when self-organization process occurs.

Moreover, the key effect of ENMs surface transformations by significant reaction with environmental objects such as dissolved natural organic matter (DOM) and the effect of ENMs surface coating and surface charge will also be debated.

Therefore, this paper proposes an indirect method for determining qH r) using surface transformation hardening.

Surface transformation is induced by aging treatments in water vapor at 413 K.

Finally, the determined qH r) was directly verified by the numerical simulations and experimental observation on plasma surface transformation hardening of a different ferrous material.

An open-air furnace has been designed to study in real time the high-temperature surface transformation of materials by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) in external beam mode.

To trace the three-dimensional free surface transformation, the so-called σ-coordinate transformation [15] is applied to map the irregular physical domain into a cube where the free surface and bottom boundary condition can be set precisely.