Sentence examples for surface surface modification from inspiring English sources

Some of the applications in semiconductor manufacturing are etching (removing material from the surface), surface modification (making changes on the surface), cleaning (removing all possible undesirable residues), ashing (removing organic fragments from inorganic surfaces), and surface hardening (hardening the surface layer, without affecting the bulk properties of the material) [2].

To obtain hydrophobic alumina surfaces, surface modification was performed by HMDS vapor treatment with different number and duration of the treatment cycles, as described in the experimental section.

The resulting concrete consists of the three main components, defined as follows: original coarse aggregate (OCA); coating material of OCA surface (surface-modification coarse paste) (SMCP); surface-modified coarse aggregate (SMCA); low-quality recycled coarse aggregate (LRCA).

Among the surface modification methods, laser surface modification is attractive for researchers.

The targeting ability of nanoparticles depends on certain factors such as particle size, surface charge, surface modification and hydrophobicity.

The FTIR spectrum of tea waste biomass before surface modification, after surface modification, and after simultaneous adsorption of Cr VI) and phenol is shown in Fig. 1a c, respectively.

The EDX of tea waste biomass before surface modification, after surface modification, and after simultaneous adsorption of Cr VI) and phenol is shown in Fig. 3a c, respectively.

The creation of the interface modification layer was confirmed from the data, which demonstrates the enhancement in contact angle (hydrophobic/oleophilic surface) after surface modification (~68°).

Moreover, some of the UCNPs were confined on the beads surface, thereby hampering surface modification of these beads.

The weight % of elements present onto the surface of tea waste biomass before surface modification, after surface modification, and after simultaneous adsorption of Cr VI) and phenol is given in Tables 1, 2, and 3, respectively.

FE-SEM shows the morphology of tea waste biomass before surface modification, after surface modification, and after simultaneous adsorption of Cr VI) and phenol onto the surface of Fe-treated tea waste biomass, as shown in Fig. 2a c, respectively.